The heart, blood and breathing, sentence 18
Smoking damages the lungs and makes it harder for them to take in oxygen.
Who acts: Smoking, lungs · What happens: damage, make, take · To what, where: lungs, oxygen
This is a sentence of the lesson «The heart, blood and breathing» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smoking, lungs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smoking | smoking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 damages | nsubj |
| 2 | damages | damage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 lungs | det |
| 4 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 damages | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 makes | cc |
| 6 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 damages | conj |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 harder | nsubj |
| 8 | harder | hard | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 makes | xcomp |
| 9 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 12 take | mark |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 take | nsubj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 take | mark |
| 12 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 harder | advcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 oxygen | case |
| 14 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 take | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 damages | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | damage | present | Smoking | the lungs | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient | ||||
| 2 | make | present | Smoking not said here | hard property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | take | to-infinitive | lungs = lung | oxygen | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in oxygen=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:032-heart-blood-breathing.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/32-heart-blood-breathing/18/