Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets, sentence 16
Air resistance is a kind of friction from the air; a parachute uses it to fall slowly.
Who acts: Air resistance, parachute · What happens: be, use, fall · To what, where: kind, Friction
This is a sentence of the lesson «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Air resistance, parachute), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 resistance | compound |
| 2 | resistance | resistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 kind | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 kind | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 kind | det |
| 5 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 friction | case |
| 7 | friction | friction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 kind | nmod |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 friction | nmod |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 uses | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 parachute | det |
| 13 | parachute | parachute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 uses | nsubj |
| 14 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 kind | parataxis |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 uses | obj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 fall | mark |
| 17 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 uses | xcomp |
| 18 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 17 fall | advmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 kind | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Air resistance | a kind | of friction from the air | tree rules | |||
| 2 | use | present | a parachute | Friction | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Theme clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | fall | to-infinitive | a parachute not said here | slowly property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:051-forces.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/51-forces/16/