Simple machines and how they help, sentence 6
A wheel and axle is a big wheel fixed to a thin rod; turning the big wheel a long way turns the axle with a strong force, as in a door knob or a steering wheel.
Who acts: wheel, turning · What happens: be, fix, turn · To what, where: big wheel, axle
This is a sentence of the lesson «Simple machines and how they help» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wheel, turning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 wheel | det |
| 2 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wheel | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 axle | cc |
| 4 | axle | axle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 wheel | conj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 wheel | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 wheel | det |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 wheel | amod |
| 8 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 wheel | acl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 rod | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 rod | det |
| 12 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rod | amod |
| 13 | rod | rod | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fixed | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 turns | punct |
| 15 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 turns | csubj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 wheel | det |
| 17 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 wheel | amod |
| 18 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 turning | obj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 way | det |
| 20 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 way | amod |
| 21 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 turning | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 wheel | parataxis |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 axle | det |
| 24 | axle | axle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 turns | obj |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 force | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 force | det |
| 27 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 force | amod |
| 28 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 turns | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 knob | punct |
| 30 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 knob | case |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 knob | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 knob | det |
| 33 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 knob | compound |
| 34 | knob | knob | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 axle | appos |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 38 wheel | cc |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 wheel | det |
| 37 | steering | steering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 wheel | compound |
| 38 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 knob | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 wheel | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a wheel and axle | a big wheel | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fix | participle | a big wheel not said here | to a thin rod | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to rod=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | turn | gerund | the big wheel | a long way obl:unmarked | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme | ||||
| 4 | turn | present | turning | the axle | with a strong force | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent axle=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:052-simple-machines.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/52-simple-machines/6/