Simple machines and how they help, sentence 9
One fixed pulley changes the direction of the force, so you can pull down to lift up; several pulleys together let a small force lift a heavy load with a longer pull of rope.
Who acts: One fixed pulley, you, several pulleys, small force · What happens: fix, change, pull down, lift up, let, lift · To what, where: direction, heavy load, rope
This is a sentence of the lesson «Simple machines and how they help» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One fixed pulley, you, several pulleys, small force), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 pulley | nummod |
| 2 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 pulley | amod |
| 3 | pulley | pulley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changes | nsubj |
| 4 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 direction | det |
| 6 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changes | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 force | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 force | det |
| 9 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 direction | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 pull | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 pull | advmod |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 pull | nsubj |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 pull | aux |
| 14 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 changes | parataxis |
| 15 | down | down | ADP | _ | 14 pull | compound:prt |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 lift | mark |
| 17 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 pull | advcl |
| 18 | up | up | ADP | _ | 17 lift | compound:prt |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 pulleys | punct |
| 20 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 pulleys | amod |
| 21 | pulleys | pulley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 let | nsubj |
| 22 | together | together | ADV | _ | 23 let | advmod |
| 23 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 14 pull | parataxis |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 force | det |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 force | amod |
| 26 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lift | nsubj |
| 27 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 let | xcomp |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 load | det |
| 29 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 load | amod |
| 30 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lift | obj |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 pull | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 pull | det |
| 33 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 pull | amod |
| 34 | pull | pull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lift | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 rope | case |
| 36 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 pull | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 changes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fix | participle | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | change | present | One fixed pulley | the direction of the force | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient | ||||
| 3 | pull down | can | you | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | lift up | to-infinitive | you not said here | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | let | infinitive | several pulleys | together property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lift | infinitive | a small force | a heavy load | with a longer pull of rope | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme | |||
| 7 | pull | rope | nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:052-simple-machines.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/52-simple-machines/9/