Light, shadows and colours, sentence 11
The Sun, a candle and a torch give off their own light, but the Moon only reflects sunlight.
Who acts: Sun, Moon · What happens: give off, reflect, light · To what, where: own light, sunlight
This is a sentence of the lesson «Light, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun, Moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Sun | det |
| 2 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 give | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 candle | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 candle | det |
| 5 | candle | candle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Sun | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 torch | cc |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 torch | det |
| 8 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 candle | conj |
| 9 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | off | off | ADP | _ | 9 give | compound:prt |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 light | nmod:poss |
| 12 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 light | amod |
| 13 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 give | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 reflects | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 reflects | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Moon | det |
| 17 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 reflects | nsubj |
| 18 | only | only | ADV | _ | 19 reflects | advmod |
| 19 | reflects | reflect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 give | conj |
| 20 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 reflects | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 give | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give off | present | the Sun and a candle and a torch | Sun's own light | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme | ||||
| 2 | reflect | present | the Moon | sunlight | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | light | Sun | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:053-light.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/53-light/11/