Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes, sentence 2

The vibration shakes the air next to it, that air shakes the air next to it, and so the sound travels outward until it reaches our ears and makes the eardrum vibrate too.

Who acts: vibration, air, sound, eardrum · What happens: shake, travel, reach, make, vibrate · To what, where: air, vibration, ears, eardrum

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vibration, air, sound, eardrum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vibration	det
2	vibration	vibration	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shakes	nsubj
3	shakes	shake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shakes	obj
6	next	next	ADV	_	8 it	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 air	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 shakes	punct
10	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 air	det
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shakes	nsubj
12	shakes	shake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shakes	parataxis
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 air	det
14	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shakes	obj
15	next	next	ADV	_	17 it	advmod
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 air	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 shakes	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 travels	cc
20	so	so	ADV	_	23 travels	advmod
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sound	det
22	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 travels	nsubj
23	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shakes	conj
24	outward	outward	ADV	_	23 travels	advmod
25	until	until	SCONJ	_	27 reaches	mark
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 reaches	nsubj
27	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 travels	advcl
28	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 ears	nmod:poss
29	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 reaches	obj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 makes	cc
31	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 reaches	conj
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 eardrum	det
33	eardrum	eardrum	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 makes	obj
34	vibrate	vibrate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 makes	xcomp
35	too	too	ADV	_	34 vibrate	advmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shakes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	shake	present	the vibration	the air			vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent air=Patient
2	shake	present	that air	the air	vibration	to vibration	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent air=Theme to it=Trajectory
3	travel	present	the sound			outward property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	reach	present	sound	our ears			vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme
5	make	present	sound not said here	the eardrum			tree rules
6	vibrate	infinitive	the eardrum not said here				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:054-sound.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/2/