Energy — where it comes from and how to save it, sentence 14
Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they take millions of years to form.
Who acts: Fossil fuels, fuels · What happens: be, take, form · To what, where: millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fossil fuels, fuels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fuels | compound |
| 2 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 non-renewable | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 non-renewable | cop |
| 4 | non-renewable | non-renewable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 7 take | mark |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 take | nsubj |
| 7 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 non-renewable | advcl |
| 8 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 take | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 years | case |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 millions | nmod |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 form | mark |
| 12 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 take | advcl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 non-renewable | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Fossil fuels | non-renewable property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | present | fuels = fuel | millions of years | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme | ||||
| 3 | form | to-infinitive | fuels = fuel not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:056-energy.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/56-energy/14/