Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy, sentence 8
In a thunderstorm the light of the lightning reaches you almost at once, but the sound of thunder travels about one kilometre in three seconds — so counting the seconds between the flash and the bang tells how far away the storm is.
Who acts: light, sound, storm · What happens: reach, travel, count, tell, be, light · To what, where: you, thunderstorm, one kilometre, lightning · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light, sound, storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 thunderstorm | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 thunderstorm | det |
| 3 | thunderstorm | thunderstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 reaches | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 light | det |
| 5 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 reaches | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 lightning | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 lightning | det |
| 8 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 light | nmod |
| 9 | reaches | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 reaches | obj |
| 11 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 13 once | advmod |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 once | case |
| 13 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 9 reaches | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 travels | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 travels | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sound | det |
| 17 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 travels | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 thunder | case |
| 19 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sound | nmod |
| 20 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 reaches | conj |
| 21 | about | about | ADV | _ | 22 one | advmod |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 kilometre | nummod |
| 23 | kilometre | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 travels | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 seconds | case |
| 25 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 seconds | nummod |
| 26 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 travels | obl |
| 27 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 counting | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 counting | advmod |
| 29 | counting | count | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 tells | nsubj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 seconds | det |
| 31 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 counting | obj |
| 32 | between | between | ADP | _ | 34 flash | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 flash | det |
| 34 | flash | flash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 seconds | nmod |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 bang | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 bang | det |
| 37 | bang | bang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 flash | conj |
| 38 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 reaches | conj |
| 39 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 40 far | advmod |
| 40 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 41 away | advmod |
| 41 | away | away | ADV | _ | 38 tells | ccomp |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 storm | det |
| 43 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 away | nsubj |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 away | cop |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 reaches | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | present | the light of the lightning | you | a thunderstorm | once property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent you=Theme | ||
| 2 | travel | present | the sound of thunder | one kilometre | second | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | count | gerund | second | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | present | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | the storm | away, far property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | light | the lightning | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:060-reasoning-energy-technology.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/60-reasoning-energy-technology/8/