Rocks, minerals and fossils, sentence 13
In layers of sedimentary rock that have not been turned over, the lower layers are usually older than the upper ones.
Who acts: lower layers · What happens: not turn over, be · To what, where: sedimentary rock, layers
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lower layers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 layers | case |
| 2 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 older | obl |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 rock | case |
| 4 | sedimentary | sedimentary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 rock | amod |
| 5 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 layers | nmod |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 turned | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 turned | aux |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 turned | advmod |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 turned | aux:pass |
| 10 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 rock | acl:relcl |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 10 turned | compound:prt |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 older | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 layers | det |
| 14 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 layers | amod |
| 15 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 older | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 older | cop |
| 17 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 18 older | advmod |
| 18 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 19 | than | than | ADP | _ | 22 ones | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 ones | det |
| 21 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 ones | amod |
| 22 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 older | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 older | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not turn over | present · perfect · passive | sedimentary rock | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the lower layers | layers of sedimentary rock | than the upper ones; old, usually property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/13/