Rocks, minerals and fossils, sentence 3
Rocks are slowly recycled in the rock cycle: they are broken by weathering, carried away as sand and mud, laid down in layers, buried, heated, and sometimes melted and pushed up again, over millions of years.
Who acts: weathering · What happens: recycle, break, carry away, lay down, bury, heat · To what, where: Rocks, rock cycle, layers, millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weathering), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 recycled | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 recycled | aux:pass |
| 3 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 4 recycled | advmod |
| 4 | recycled | recycle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 cycle | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 cycle | det |
| 7 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cycle | compound |
| 8 | cycle | cycle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 recycled | obl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 broken | punct |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 broken | aux:pass |
| 12 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 recycled | parataxis |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 weathering | case |
| 14 | weathering | weathering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 broken | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 carried | punct |
| 16 | carried | carry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 broken | conj |
| 17 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 carried | advmod |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 19 sand | case |
| 19 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 carried | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 mud | cc |
| 21 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sand | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 laid | punct |
| 23 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 carried | conj |
| 24 | down | down | ADP | _ | 23 laid | compound:prt |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 layers | case |
| 26 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 laid | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 buried | punct |
| 28 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 layers | acl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 heated | punct |
| 30 | heated | heat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 buried | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 melted | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 melted | cc |
| 33 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 34 melted | advmod |
| 34 | melted | melt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 recycled | parataxis |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 pushed | cc |
| 36 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 melted | conj |
| 37 | up | up | ADP | _ | 36 pushed | compound:prt |
| 38 | again | again | ADV | _ | 36 pushed | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 millions | punct |
| 40 | over | over | ADP | _ | 41 millions | case |
| 41 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 pushed | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 years | case |
| 43 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 millions | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 recycled | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | recycle | present · passive | Rocks | the rock cycle | slowly property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | break | present · passive | weathering | Rocks = rock | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | carry away | participle | weathering not said here | as sand and mud; away property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | lay down | participle | weathering not said here | layers | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in layer=Destination | ||||
| 5 | bury | participle | layers not said here | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | heat | participle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 7 | melt | participle | sometimes property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 8 | push up | participle | millions of years | again | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent over million=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/3/