Soil and what lives in it, sentence 2

Soil forms very slowly: weathering breaks rock into sand, silt and clay, and dead leaves, roots and animals rot into humus; making just a few centimetres of good soil can take hundreds of years.

Who acts: Soil, weathering, dead leaves, making · What happens: form, break, rot, make, take · To what, where: rock, sand, humus, few centimetres, hundreds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Soil, weathering, dead leaves, making), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forms	nsubj
2	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 slowly	advmod
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 forms	advmod
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 forms	punct
6	weathering	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 breaks	nsubj
7	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 forms	parataxis
8	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 breaks	obj
9	into	into	ADP	_	10 sand	case
10	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 breaks	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 silt	punct
12	silt	silt	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sand	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 clay	cc
14	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 silt	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 rot	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 leaves	cc
17	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 leaves	amod
18	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 rot	nsubj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 roots	punct
20	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 leaves	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 animals	cc
22	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 leaves	conj
23	rot	rot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 breaks	conj
24	into	into	ADP	_	25 humus	case
25	humus	humus	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 rot	obl
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 take	punct
27	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 take	csubj
28	just	just	ADV	_	31 centimetres	advmod
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 centimetres	det
30	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 centimetres	amod
31	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 making	obj
32	of	of	ADP	_	34 soil	case
33	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 soil	amod
34	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 centimetres	nmod
35	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 take	aux
36	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 forms	conj
37	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 take	obj
38	of	of	ADP	_	39 years	case
39	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 hundreds	nmod
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 forms	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	form	present	Soil			slowly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	break	present	weathering	rock		into sand and silt and clay result	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent rock=Patient into sand=Result
3	rot	present	dead leaves and roots and animals		humus		vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	make	gerund		a few centimetres of good soil			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset centimetre=Product
5	take	can	making	hundreds of years			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/2/