Deserts, rainforests and grasslands, sentence 5
It has more kinds of living things than any other land biome, arranged in layers: the dark forest floor, the understorey, the thick roof of leaves called the canopy, and a few giant trees poking above it.
Who acts: rainforest, thick roof, few giant trees · What happens: have, arrange, call, poke · To what, where: more kinds, layers, canopy, rainforest · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts, rainforests and grasslands» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rainforest, thick roof, few giant trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 kinds | amod |
| 4 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 things | case |
| 6 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 things | amod |
| 7 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 kinds | nmod |
| 8 | than | than | ADP | _ | 12 biome | case |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 biome | det |
| 10 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 biome | amod |
| 11 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 biome | compound |
| 12 | biome | biome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 kinds | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 arranged | punct |
| 14 | arranged | arrange | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | conj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 layers | case |
| 16 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 arranged | obl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 floor | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 floor | det |
| 19 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 floor | amod |
| 20 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 floor | compound |
| 21 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 understorey | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 understorey | det |
| 24 | understorey | understorey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 floor | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 roof | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 roof | det |
| 27 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 roof | amod |
| 28 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 floor | conj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 leaves | case |
| 30 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 roof | nmod |
| 31 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 roof | acl |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 canopy | det |
| 33 | canopy | canopy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 called | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 trees | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 trees | cc |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 trees | det |
| 37 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 trees | amod |
| 38 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 trees | amod |
| 39 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 floor | conj |
| 40 | poking | poke | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 trees | acl |
| 41 | above | above | ADP | _ | 42 it | case |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 poking | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | rainforest | more kinds of living things | than any other land biome | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient | |||
| 2 | arrange | past | rainforest not said here | layers | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in layer=Destination | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | the thick roof of leaves not said here | the canopy | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent canopy=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | poke | gerund | a few giant trees not said here | rainforest | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent above it=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:066-deserts-rainforests-grasslands.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/66-deserts-rainforests-grasslands/5/