Wind and the air around the Earth, sentence 3
Almost all the weather happens in the lowest layer, the troposphere, which is only about 12 kilometres thick, and in it the air gets colder as you climb, which is why mountain tops are snowy.
Who acts: weather, troposphere, air, you · What happens: happen, be, get, climb · To what, where: lowest layer, weather
This is a sentence of the lesson «Wind and the air around the Earth» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weather, troposphere, air, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Almost | almost | ADV | _ | 2 all | advmod |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 weather | det:predet |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 weather | det |
| 4 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 happens | nsubj |
| 5 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 layer | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 layer | det |
| 8 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 9 layer | amod |
| 9 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 happens | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 troposphere | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 troposphere | det |
| 12 | troposphere | troposphere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 layer | appos |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 thick | punct |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 thick | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 thick | cop |
| 16 | only | only | ADV | _ | 18 12 | advmod |
| 17 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 12 | advmod |
| 18 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 kilometres | nummod |
| 19 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 thick | obl:unmarked |
| 20 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 troposphere | acl:relcl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 gets | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 gets | cc |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 it | case |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 gets | obl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 air | det |
| 26 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 gets | nsubj |
| 27 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 thick | conj |
| 28 | colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 27 gets | xcomp |
| 29 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 31 climb | mark |
| 30 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 climb | nsubj |
| 31 | climb | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 gets | advcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 climb | punct |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 snowy | nsubj |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 snowy | cop |
| 35 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 snowy | advmod |
| 36 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 tops | compound |
| 37 | tops | top | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 snowy | nsubj |
| 38 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 snowy | cop |
| 39 | snowy | snowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 climb | ccomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 happens | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | present | all weather | the lowest layer | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in layer=Location | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the troposphere | 12 kilometres obl:unmarked; thick property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | get | present | the air | weather | cold property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | climb | present | you | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | present | snowy property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:069-wind-and-the-atmosphere.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/69-wind-and-the-atmosphere/3/