Rockets, satellites and astronauts, sentence 4
A satellite stays up because it moves sideways very fast, about 8 kilometres every second; it keeps falling towards the Earth, but the curved ground falls away beneath it just as fast, so it falls around the Earth forever.
Who acts: satellite, curved ground, ground · What happens: stay up, move, keep, fall, curve, fall away · To what, where: 8 kilometres, Earth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rockets, satellites and astronauts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (satellite, curved ground, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 satellite | det |
| 2 | satellite | satellite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stays | nsubj |
| 3 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 stays | compound:prt |
| 5 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 7 moves | mark |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 moves | nsubj |
| 7 | moves | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 stays | advcl |
| 8 | sideways | sideways | ADV | _ | 7 moves | advmod |
| 9 | very | very | ADV | _ | 10 fast | advmod |
| 10 | fast | fast | ADV | _ | 7 moves | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 moves | punct |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 8 | advmod |
| 13 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 kilometres | nummod |
| 14 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 moves | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 second | det |
| 16 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 kilometres | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 keeps | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 keeps | nsubj |
| 19 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 stays | parataxis |
| 20 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 keeps | xcomp |
| 21 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 23 Earth | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Earth | det |
| 23 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 falling | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 falls | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 falls | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 ground | det |
| 27 | curved | curve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 ground | amod |
| 28 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 falls | nsubj |
| 29 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 stays | conj |
| 30 | away | away | ADV | _ | 29 falls | advmod |
| 31 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 32 it | case |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 falls | obl |
| 33 | just | just | ADV | _ | 35 fast | advmod |
| 34 | as | as | ADV | _ | 35 fast | advmod |
| 35 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 falls | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 falls | punct |
| 37 | so | so | ADV | _ | 39 falls | advmod |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 falls | nsubj |
| 39 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 stays | conj |
| 40 | around | around | ADP | _ | 42 Earth | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Earth | det |
| 42 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 falls | obl |
| 43 | forever | forever | ADV | _ | 39 falls | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stays | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay up | present | a satellite | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | move | present | satellite | 8 kilometres every second | fast, sideways property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | keep | present | satellite | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | fall | gerund | satellite not said here | the Earth | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards earth=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | curve | participle | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | ||||||
| 6 | fall away | present | the curved ground | beneath satellite; away, fast property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 7 | fall | present | ground | the Earth | forever property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme around earth=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:071-rockets-satellites-astronauts.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/71-rockets-satellites-astronauts/4/