Birds: feathers, nests and flight, sentence 14
A hummingbird can hover by beating its wings dozens of times a second.
Who acts: hummingbird · What happens: hover, beat · To what, where: wings
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hummingbird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 hummingbird | det |
| 2 | hummingbird | hummingbird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hover | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 hover | aux |
| 4 | hover | hover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 6 beating | mark |
| 6 | beating | beat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 hover | advcl |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 wings | nmod:poss |
| 8 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 beating | obj |
| 9 | dozens | dozen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 beating | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 times | case |
| 11 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 dozens | nmod |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 second | det |
| 13 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 times | nmod:unmarked |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hover | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hover | can | a hummingbird | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | beat | gerund | a hummingbird not said here | hummingbird's wings | dozens of times a second obl:unmarked | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/14/