Birds: feathers, nests and flight, sentence 3

A wing is curved, so as the bird moves forward the air flowing past pushes it upward; this push is called lift.

Who acts: bird, air · What happens: curve, move forward, flow, push, call · To what, where: wing, bird, push · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wing	det
2	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 curved	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 curved	aux:pass
4	curved	curve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 moves	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 moves	advmod
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 moves	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bird	det
9	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 moves	nsubj
10	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 pushes	advcl
11	forward	forward	ADV	_	10 moves	advmod
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 air	det
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 pushes	nsubj
14	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 air	acl
15	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 flowing	advmod
16	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 curved	advcl
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 pushes	obj
18	upward	upward	ADV	_	16 pushes	advmod
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 called	punct
20	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	21 push	det
21	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 called	nsubj:pass
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 called	aux:pass
23	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 moves	conj
24	lift	lift	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 called	xcomp
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 curved	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	curve	present · passive		a wing		vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: subject=Material
2	move forward	present	the bird		forward property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	flow	gerund	the air not said here			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	push	present	the air	bird	upward property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
5	call	present · passive		this push		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/3/