Fish, frogs and reptiles, sentence 2

Many fish have a swim bladder, a bag of gas inside the body; by changing how much gas is in it, the fish can float at any depth without sinking or rising.

Who acts: Many fish, fish · What happens: have, change, be, float, sink, rise · To what, where: swim bladder, much gas, depth

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many fish, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fish	amod
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bladder	det
5	swim	swim	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bladder	compound
6	bladder	bladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 have	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 bag	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 bag	det
9	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bladder	appos
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 gas	case
11	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bag	nmod
12	inside	inside	ADP	_	14 body	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 body	det
14	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bag	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 it	punct
16	by	by	SCONJ	_	17 changing	mark
17	changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	28 float	advcl
18	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	19 much	advmod
19	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 gas	amod
20	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 changing	obj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 it	cop
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 it	case
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 gas	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 float	punct
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 fish	det
26	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 float	nsubj
27	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 float	aux
28	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 have	parataxis
29	at	at	ADP	_	31 depth	case
30	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	31 depth	det
31	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 float	obl
32	without	without	SCONJ	_	33 sinking	mark
33	sinking	sink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	28 float	advcl
34	or	or	CCONJ	_	35 rising	cc
35	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	33 sinking	conj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	Many fish	a swim bladder			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bladder=Patient
2	change	gerund	the fish not said here	much gas			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Patient
3	is	present				in fish	tree rules
4	float	can	the fish		any depth		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at depth=Trajectory
5	sink	gerund	the fish not said here				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	rise	gerund	the fish not said here				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/2/