Trees and forests through the year, sentence 8

Dropping their leaves helps deciduous trees save water in winter, when the ground is frozen and the roots can take up little water.

Who acts: Dropping, deciduous trees, roots · What happens: drop, help, save, freeze, take up · To what, where: leaves, water, ground, little water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dropping, deciduous trees, roots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dropping	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 helps	csubj
2	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 leaves	nmod:poss
3	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Dropping	obj
4	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 trees	amod
6	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 save	nsubj
7	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 helps	xcomp
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 save	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 winter	case
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 save	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 frozen	punct
12	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	16 frozen	advmod
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 frozen	nsubj:pass
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 frozen	aux:pass
16	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 save	advcl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 take	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 roots	det
19	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 take	nsubj
20	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 take	aux
21	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 frozen	conj
22	up	up	ADP	_	21 take	compound:prt
23	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 water	amod
24	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 take	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 helps	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	drop	gerund		rain's leaves		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme
2	help	present	Dropping			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	save	infinitive	deciduous trees	water	winter	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
4	freeze	present · passive		the ground		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
5	take up	can	the roots	little water		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/8/