Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence, sentence 3
Two things happening together does not prove that one causes the other: more ice creams and more sunburns both happen in summer, but ice cream does not cause sunburn — the sunshine causes both.
Who acts: Two things, one, ice cream, sunshine · What happens: happen, not prove, cause, not cause · To what, where: other, sunburn, both
This is a sentence of the lesson «Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Two things, one, ice cream, sunshine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 things | nummod |
| 2 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 prove | nsubj |
| 3 | happening | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 things | acl |
| 4 | together | together | ADV | _ | 3 happening | advmod |
| 5 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 prove | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 prove | advmod |
| 7 | prove | prove | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 causes | mark |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 causes | nsubj |
| 10 | causes | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 prove | ccomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 other | det |
| 12 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 causes | obj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 creams | punct |
| 14 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 creams | amod |
| 15 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 creams | compound |
| 16 | creams | cream | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 things | appos |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 sunburns | cc |
| 18 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 19 sunburns | amod |
| 19 | sunburns | sunburn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 creams | conj |
| 20 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 21 happen | cc:preconj |
| 21 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 creams | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 summer | case |
| 23 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 happen | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 cause | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 cause | cc |
| 26 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cream | compound |
| 27 | cream | cream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cause | nsubj |
| 28 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 cause | aux |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 cause | advmod |
| 30 | cause | cause | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 happen | conj |
| 31 | sunburn | sunburn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cause | obj |
| 32 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 causes | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 sunshine | det |
| 34 | sunshine | sunshine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 causes | nsubj |
| 35 | causes | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 things | parataxis |
| 36 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 causes | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 things | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | gerund | Two things not said here | together property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not prove | present · do-support | Two things | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cause | present | one | the other | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition other=Patient | ||||
| 4 | happen | infinitive | Two things not said here | summer | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not cause | present · do-support | ice cream | sunburn | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sunburn=Patient | ||||
| 6 | cause | present | the sunshine | both | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition both=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:091-being-a-scientist.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/91-being-a-scientist/3/