Lungs, air and keeping fit, sentence 16
In asthma the airways become narrow, which makes breathing hard; an inhaler helps to open them.
Who acts: airways, inhaler · What happens: become, make, breathe, help, open · To what, where: asthma, airways
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (airways, inhaler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 asthma | case |
| 2 | asthma | asthma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 become | obl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 airways | det |
| 4 | airways | airway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 become | nsubj |
| 5 | become | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 become | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 makes | punct |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 makes | nsubj |
| 9 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 narrow | acl:relcl |
| 10 | breathing | breathe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 makes | obj |
| 11 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 10 breathing | advmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 helps | punct |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 inhaler | det |
| 14 | inhaler | inhaler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 helps | nsubj |
| 15 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 makes | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 open | mark |
| 17 | open | open | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 helps | xcomp |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 open | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 become | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | present | the airways | in asthma result; narrow property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in asthma=Result | ||||
| 2 | make | present | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 3 | breathe | gerund | hard property | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | help | present | a inhaler | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | open | to-infinitive | a inhaler not said here | airways = airway | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:093-lungs-air-keeping-fit.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/93-lungs-air-keeping-fit/16/