Transport: from horses to planes, sentence 11
Today jet planes cross an ocean in a few hours — a trip that took weeks by sailing ship.
Who acts: jet planes, trip · What happens: cross, take, sail · To what, where: ocean, ship
This is a sentence of the lesson «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (jet planes, trip), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 jet | compound |
| 2 | jet | jet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 planes | compound |
| 3 | planes | plane | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 cross | nsubj |
| 4 | cross | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 ocean | det |
| 6 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cross | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 hours | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 hours | det |
| 9 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 hours | amod |
| 10 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 cross | obl |
| 11 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 took | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 trip | det |
| 13 | trip | trip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cross | parataxis |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 took | nsubj |
| 15 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 trip | acl:relcl |
| 16 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 took | obj |
| 17 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 18 sailing | mark |
| 18 | sailing | sail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 took | advcl |
| 19 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 took | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 cross | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | present | jet planes | a ocean | hour | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ocean=Patient | |||
| 2 | take | past | a trip | ship | week | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | sail | gerund | a trip not said here | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:099-transport-horses-to-planes.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/11/