Grimm's Fairy Stories, The Valiant Little Tailor, sentence 32
The Giant wondered what to say, and could not believe it of the little man; so, catching up another pebble, he flung it so high that it almost went out of sight, saying, "There, you pigmy, do that if you can."
Who acts: Giant, Tailor, whey, you · What happens: wonder, say, not believe, catch up, fling, go out · To what, where: whey, pebble, sight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Valiant Little Tailor. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giant, Tailor, whey, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Giant | det |
| 2 | Giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 wondered | nsubj |
| 3 | wondered | wonder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 6 say | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 say | mark |
| 6 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 wondered | ccomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 believe | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 believe | cc |
| 9 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 believe | aux |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 believe | advmod |
| 11 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 say | ccomp |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 believe | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 man | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 man | det |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 man | amod |
| 16 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 believe | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 catching | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 catching | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 catching | punct |
| 20 | catching | catch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 wondered | advcl |
| 21 | up | up | ADP | _ | 20 catching | compound:prt |
| 22 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 pebble | det |
| 23 | pebble | pebble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 catching | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 flung | punct |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 flung | nsubj |
| 26 | flung | fling | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 wondered | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 flung | obj |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 high | advmod |
| 29 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 flung | xcomp |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 went | mark |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 went | nsubj |
| 32 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 33 went | advmod |
| 33 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 high | advcl |
| 34 | out | out | ADP | _ | 36 sight | case |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 sight | case |
| 36 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 went | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 saying | punct |
| 38 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 flung | advcl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 There | punct |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 There | punct |
| 41 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 38 saying | ccomp |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 pigmy | punct |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 44 pigmy | nsubj |
| 44 | pigmy | pigmy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 saying | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 do | punct |
| 46 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 saying | ccomp |
| 47 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 50 can | mark |
| 48 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 50 can | mark |
| 49 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 50 can | nsubj |
| 50 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 do | advcl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 46 do | punct |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 do | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wonder speech: ask | past | the Giant | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | not believe | could | whey | of the little man | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | catch up | gerund | the Giant not said here | another pebble | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pebble=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fling | past | Tailor | whey | high property | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 6 | go out | past | whey | sight | almost property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | say speech: assert | gerund | Tailor not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | pigmy in a quote | you | tree rules | ||||||
| 9 | do in a quote | infinitive | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11027/13/32/