Grimm's Fairy Stories, The Valiant Little Tailor, sentence 99
The knights could hardly believe him, till, riding into the forest, they found the Giants lying dead, and the uprooted trees around them.
Who acts: knights, Giants · What happens: believe, ride, find, lie, uproot · To what, where: man, forest, Giants
This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Valiant Little Tailor. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knights, Giants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 knights | det |
| 2 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 believe | nsubj |
| 3 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 believe | aux |
| 4 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 5 believe | advmod |
| 5 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 believe | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 riding | punct |
| 8 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 10 riding | mark |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 riding | punct |
| 10 | riding | ride | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 believe | advcl |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 forest | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 forest | det |
| 13 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 riding | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 found | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 found | nsubj |
| 16 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 believe | parataxis |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Giants | det |
| 18 | Giants | Giant | PROPN | Number=Plur | 16 found | obj |
| 19 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 Giants | acl |
| 20 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 lying | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 trees | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 trees | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 trees | det |
| 24 | uprooted | uproot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 trees | amod |
| 25 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 found | obl |
| 26 | around | around | ADP | _ | 27 them | case |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 trees | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | could | the knights | man | hardly property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | ride | gerund | the knights not said here | the forest | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into forest=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | find | past | knights = knight | the Giants | the uprooted trees around stones obl | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent giant=Topic | |||
| 4 | lie | gerund | the Giants not said here | dead property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | uproot | participle | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11027/13/99/