The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 13, sentence 60
However, I saw nothing strange upon my voyage, saving some fish that were full two hundred cubits long, but were fortunately more in dread of us than even we were of them, and fled from us if we did but strike upon a board to frighten them.
Who acts: I, that, we, my · What happens: see, save, be, flee, do, strike · To what, where: nothing, fish, dread, board, us
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, that, we, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | However | however | ADV | _ | 4 saw | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 However | punct |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 4 saw | obj |
| 6 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 nothing | amod |
| 7 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 9 voyage | case |
| 8 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 voyage | nmod:poss |
| 9 | voyage | voyage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 saving | punct |
| 11 | saving | save | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 saw | advcl |
| 12 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 fish | det |
| 13 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 saving | obj |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 full | nsubj |
| 15 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 full | cop |
| 16 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 fish | amod |
| 17 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 hundred | compound |
| 18 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 cubits | nummod |
| 19 | cubits | cubit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 long | obl:unmarked |
| 20 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 full | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 more | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 more | cc |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 more | cop |
| 24 | fortunately | fortunately | ADV | _ | 25 more | advmod |
| 25 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 saw | obj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 dread | case |
| 27 | dread | dread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 more | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 us | case |
| 29 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 dread | nmod |
| 30 | than | than | ADP | _ | 35 them | case |
| 31 | even | even | ADV | _ | 35 them | advmod |
| 32 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 them | nsubj |
| 33 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 them | cop |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 them | case |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 more | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 fled | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 fled | cc |
| 38 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | parataxis |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 us | case |
| 40 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 fled | obl |
| 41 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 43 did | mark |
| 42 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 did | nsubj |
| 43 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 fled | advcl |
| 44 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 45 strike | cc |
| 45 | strike | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 fled | conj |
| 46 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 48 board | case |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 board | det |
| 48 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 strike | obl |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 frighten | mark |
| 50 | frighten | frighten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 strike | advcl |
| 51 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 frighten | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | I | nothing | upon my voyage; however property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | save | gerund | I not said here | some fish | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | past | that | full property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | past | dread of us | fortunately, more property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | past | we | than cubits = cubit | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | flee | past | from us | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from we=Initial_Location | |||||
| 7 | do a condition, not said to happen | past | we | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | strike | infinitive | a board | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon board=Location | |||||
| 9 | frighten | to-infinitive | fish | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer | |||||
| 10 | voyage | my | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 11 | dread | us | nom dread «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/60/