The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 14, sentence 41

Until this moment I had looked upon the valley as my grave, for I had seen no possibility of getting out of it alive, but now I took courage and began to devise a means of escape.

Who acts: I, possibility, a · What happens: look, see, get out, take, begin, devise · To what, where: possibility, valley, courage

This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, possibility, a), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Until	until	ADP	_	3 moment	case
2	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 moment	det
3	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 looked	obl
4	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 looked	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 looked	aux
6	looked	look	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 valley	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 valley	det
9	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 looked	obl
10	as	as	ADP	_	12 grave	case
11	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 grave	nmod:poss
12	grave	grave	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 valley	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 seen	punct
14	for	for	SCONJ	_	17 seen	mark
15	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 seen	nsubj
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 seen	aux
17	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 looked	conj
18	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	19 possibility	det
19	possibility	possibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 seen	obj
20	of	of	SCONJ	_	21 getting	mark
21	getting	get	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 possibility	acl
22	out	out	ADP	_	24 it	case
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 it	case
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 getting	obl
25	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 getting	xcomp
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 took	punct
27	but	but	CCONJ	_	30 took	cc
28	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	30 took	advmod
29	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	30 took	nsubj
30	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 looked	parataxis
31	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 took	obj
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 began	cc
33	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 took	conj
34	to	to	PART	_	35 devise	mark
35	devise	devise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 began	xcomp
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 means	nsubj
37	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 devise	ccomp
38	of	of	ADP	_	39 escape	case
39	escape	escape	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 means	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 looked	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	look	past · perfect	I		moment	upon the valley as my grave	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon valley=Theme
2	see	past · perfect	I	no possibility			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer possibility=Stimulus
3	get out	gerund	no possibility not said here	valley		alive property	tree rules
4	take	past	I	courage	now		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme
5	begin	past	I not said here				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
6	devise	to-infinitive	I not said here				tree rules
7	mean	present	a			of escape	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/14/41/