The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 14, sentence 78
You may imagine the rage and terror that seized us as we watched them, neither daring to hinder them nor able to speak a word to deter them from their purpose, whatever it might be.
Who acts: You, rage, we, words · What happens: imagine, seize, watch, dare, hinder, speak · To what, where: rage, us, word, words, purpose · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, rage, we, words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 imagine | nsubj |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 imagine | aux |
| 3 | imagine | imagine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 rage | det |
| 5 | rage | rage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 imagine | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 terror | cc |
| 7 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rage | conj |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 seized | nsubj |
| 9 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 rage | acl:relcl |
| 10 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 seized | obj |
| 11 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 watched | mark |
| 12 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 watched | nsubj |
| 13 | watched | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 seized | advcl |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 watched | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 daring | punct |
| 16 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 17 daring | cc:preconj |
| 17 | daring | dare | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 imagine | advcl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 hinder | mark |
| 19 | hinder | hinder | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 daring | xcomp |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 hinder | obj |
| 21 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 22 able | cc |
| 22 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 hinder | xcomp |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 speak | mark |
| 24 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 able | xcomp |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 word | det |
| 26 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 speak | obj |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 deter | mark |
| 28 | deter | deter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 word | acl |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 deter | obj |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 purpose | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 purpose | nmod:poss |
| 32 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 deter | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 whatever | punct |
| 34 | whatever | whatever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 be | obj |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 be | nsubj |
| 36 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 be | aux |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 word | acl:relcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 imagine | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | imagine | may | You | the rage and terror | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot rage=Theme | ||||
| 2 | seize | past | the rage and terror | us | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme | ||||
| 3 | watch | past | we | rage | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 4 | dare | gerund | You not said here | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | hinder | to-infinitive | You not said here | rage | able property | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | speak speech: other | to-infinitive | You not said here | a word | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | deter | to-infinitive | You not said here | words = word | words's purpose | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: agent=Causer they=Beneficiary from purpose=Eventuality | |||
| 8 | purpose | words = word | nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/14/78/