The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 54

A feeble ray of light shone into the cavern through some chink, and when I had the courage to look about me I could see that I was in a vast vault, bestrewn with bones and bodies of the dead.

Who acts: feeble ray, I · What happens: shine, have, look, see, be, ray · To what, where: feeble ray, cavern, courage, vast vault, light · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (feeble ray, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ray	det
2	feeble	feeble	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ray	amod
3	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 had	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 light	case
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ray	nmod
6	shone	shine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 ray	acl
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 cavern	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cavern	det
9	cavern	cavern	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shone	obl
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 chink	case
11	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	12 chink	det
12	chink	chink	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shone	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 had	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 had	cc
15	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	17 had	advmod
16	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 had	nsubj
17	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 courage	det
19	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 had	obj
20	to	to	PART	_	21 look	mark
21	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 courage	acl
22	about	about	ADP	_	23 me	case
23	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 look	obl
24	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 see	nsubj
25	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	26 see	aux
26	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 look	conj
27	that	that	SCONJ	_	33 vault	mark
28	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 vault	nsubj
29	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 vault	cop
30	in	in	ADP	_	33 vault	case
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 vault	det
32	vast	vast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 vault	amod
33	vault	vault	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 see	ccomp
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 bestrewn	punct
35	bestrewn	bestrewn	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 vault	conj
36	with	with	ADP	_	37 bones	case
37	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 bestrewn	nmod
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 bodies	cc
39	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 bones	conj
40	of	of	ADP	_	42 dead	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 dead	det
42	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 bodies	nmod
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	shine	participle		a feeble ray of light not said here	the cavern	through some chink	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through chink=Location
2	have	past	a feeble ray of light	the courage			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient
3	look	to-infinitive	a feeble ray of light not said here	the courage not said here		about me	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent about i=Theme
4	see	could	I				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	is	past	I		a vast vault and bestrewn with bones and bodies of the dead		tree rules
6	ray			light			nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/16/54/