The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 92
We had hardly time to draw a breath of relief before the other rock fell with a mighty crash right in the midst of our luckless vessel, smashing it into a thousand fragments, and crushing, or hurling into the sea, passengers and crew.
Who acts: We, other rock · What happens: have, draw, fall, smash, crush, hurl · To what, where: breath, midst, rock, thousand fragments, sea
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, other rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 4 time | advmod |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 draw | mark |
| 6 | draw | draw | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 time | acl |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 breath | det |
| 8 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 draw | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 relief | case |
| 10 | relief | relief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 breath | nmod |
| 11 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 15 fell | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 rock | det |
| 13 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 rock | amod |
| 14 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fell | nsubj |
| 15 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 draw | advcl |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 crash | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 crash | det |
| 18 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 crash | amod |
| 19 | crash | crash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fell | obl |
| 20 | right | right | ADV | _ | 23 midst | advmod |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 midst | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 midst | det |
| 23 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fell | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 vessel | case |
| 25 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 vessel | nmod:poss |
| 26 | luckless | luckless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 vessel | amod |
| 27 | vessel | vessel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 midst | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 smashing | punct |
| 29 | smashing | smash | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 fell | advcl |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 smashing | obj |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 34 fragments | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 thousand | det |
| 33 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 fragments | nummod |
| 34 | fragments | fragment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 smashing | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 crushing | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 crushing | cc |
| 37 | crushing | crush | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 had | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 hurling | punct |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 40 hurling | cc |
| 40 | hurling | hurl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 crushing | advcl |
| 41 | into | into | ADP | _ | 43 sea | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sea | det |
| 43 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 hurling | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 passengers | punct |
| 45 | passengers | passenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 sea | conj |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 crew | cc |
| 47 | crew | crew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 sea | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | We | time | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | draw | to-infinitive | We not said here | a breath of relief | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | ||||
| 3 | fall | past | the other rock | the midst of our luckless vessel | with a mighty crash | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in midst=Location | |||
| 4 | smash | gerund | the other rock not said here | rock | thousand fragments | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme into fragment=Destination | |||
| 5 | crush | gerund | We not said here | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | hurl | gerund | We not said here | the sea and passengers and crew | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent into sea=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/16/92/