The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 17, sentence 56
I then made up many packages of rubies, emeralds, rock crystal, ambergris, and precious stuffs, and bound them upon my raft, being careful to preserve the balance, and then I seated myself upon it, having two small oars that I had fashioned laid ready to my hand, and loosed the cord which held it to the bank.
Who acts: I, cord · What happens: make up, bound, be, preserve, seat, have · To what, where: many packages, packages, balance, myself, two small oars, cord
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, cord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 made | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 made | advmod |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 made | compound:prt |
| 5 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 packages | amod |
| 6 | packages | package | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 made | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 rubies | case |
| 8 | rubies | ruby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 packages | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 emeralds | punct |
| 10 | emeralds | emerald | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 rubies | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 crystal | punct |
| 12 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 crystal | compound |
| 13 | crystal | crystal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 ambergris | punct |
| 15 | ambergris | ambergris | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 crystal | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 stuffs | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 stuffs | cc |
| 18 | precious | precious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 stuffs | amod |
| 19 | stuffs | stuff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 made | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 bound | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 bound | cc |
| 22 | bound | bound | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 bound | obj |
| 24 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 26 raft | case |
| 25 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 raft | nmod:poss |
| 26 | raft | raft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bound | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 careful | punct |
| 28 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 careful | cop |
| 29 | careful | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 bound | conj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 preserve | mark |
| 31 | preserve | preserve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 careful | xcomp |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 balance | det |
| 33 | balance | balance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 preserve | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 seated | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 seated | cc |
| 36 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 seated | advmod |
| 37 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 seated | nsubj |
| 38 | seated | seat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 39 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 38 seated | obj |
| 40 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 41 it | case |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 seated | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 having | punct |
| 43 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 seated | advcl |
| 44 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 46 oars | nummod |
| 45 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 oars | amod |
| 46 | oars | oar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 having | obj |
| 47 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 had | obj |
| 48 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 49 had | nsubj |
| 49 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 oars | acl:relcl |
| 50 | fashioned | fashioned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 had | obj |
| 51 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 fashioned | acl |
| 52 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 laid | xcomp |
| 53 | to | to | ADP | _ | 55 hand | case |
| 54 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 hand | nmod:poss |
| 55 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 ready | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 loosed | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 loosed | cc |
| 58 | loosed | loose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | conj |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 cord | det |
| 60 | cord | cord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 loosed | obj |
| 61 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 62 held | nsubj |
| 62 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 cord | acl:relcl |
| 63 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 held | obj |
| 64 | to | to | ADP | _ | 66 bank | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 bank | det |
| 66 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 held | obl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make up | past | I | many packages of rubies and emeralds | then | rock crystal and ambergris obl; precious stuffs obl | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme package=Pivot | ||
| 2 | bound | infinitive | packages = package | upon my raft | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location they=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | gerund | careful property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | preserve | to-infinitive | the balance | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Beneficiary | |||||
| 5 | seat | past | I | myself | then | upon balance | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location myself=Value | ||
| 6 | have | gerund | I not said here | two small oars | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oar=Patient | ||||
| 7 | have | past | I | two small oars | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | lay | participle | ready property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | loose | past | I not said here | the cord | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cord=Patient | ||||
| 10 | hold | past | the cord | balance | to the bank | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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