The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 17, sentence 62
I rose and saluted them, and they spoke to me in return, but I could not understand a word of their language.
Who acts: I, eyes · What happens: rise, salute, speak, not understand, word · To what, where: eyes, me, return, word, language · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 rose | nsubj |
| 2 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 saluted | cc |
| 4 | saluted | salute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 rose | conj |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saluted | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 spoke | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 spoke | cc |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 spoke | nsubj |
| 9 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 rose | conj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 me | case |
| 11 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 spoke | obl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 return | case |
| 13 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 spoke | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 understand | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 understand | cc |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 understand | nsubj |
| 17 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 understand | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 understand | advmod |
| 19 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 rose | parataxis |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 word | det |
| 21 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 understand | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 language | case |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 language | nmod:poss |
| 24 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 word | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | past | I | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | salute | past | I not said here | eyes = eye | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | eyes = eye | me | return | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to i=Co-Agent | |||
| 4 | not understand | could | I | a word of eyes's language | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | word | eyes's language | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/17/62/