The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 2, sentence 139
When the first old man had finished his story, the second, who was leading the two black dogs, said to the genius, "I am going to tell you what happened to me, and I am sure that you will find my story even more astonishing than the one to which you have just been listening.
Who acts: first old man, I, genius · What happens: finish, lead, say, go, tell, happen · To what, where: story, two black dogs, genius, me, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first old man, I, genius), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 finished | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 man | det |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 man | amod |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 man | amod |
| 5 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 finished | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 finished | aux |
| 7 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 said | ccomp |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 story | nmod:poss |
| 9 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 finished | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 second | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 second | det |
| 12 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 story | acl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 leading | punct |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 leading | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 leading | aux |
| 16 | leading | lead | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 second | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 dogs | det |
| 18 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 dogs | nummod |
| 19 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 dogs | amod |
| 20 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 leading | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 finished | punct |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 genius | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 genius | det |
| 25 | genius | genius | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 said | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 going | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 going | punct |
| 28 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 going | nsubj |
| 29 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 going | aux |
| 30 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 said | ccomp |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 tell | mark |
| 32 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 going | xcomp |
| 33 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 tell | iobj |
| 34 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 35 happened | nsubj |
| 35 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 tell | ccomp |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 me | case |
| 37 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 happened | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 sure | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 sure | cc |
| 40 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 42 sure | nsubj |
| 41 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 sure | cop |
| 42 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 said | parataxis |
| 43 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 find | mark |
| 44 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 46 find | nsubj |
| 45 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 find | aux |
| 46 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 sure | ccomp |
| 47 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 story | nmod:poss |
| 48 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 find | obj |
| 49 | even | even | ADV | _ | 50 more | advmod |
| 50 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 51 astonishing | advmod |
| 51 | astonishing | astonish | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 46 find | advcl |
| 52 | than | than | ADP | _ | 54 one | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 one | det |
| 54 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 astonishing | obl |
| 55 | to | to | ADP | _ | 56 which | case |
| 56 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 61 listening | obl |
| 57 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 61 listening | nsubj |
| 58 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 listening | aux |
| 59 | just | just | ADV | _ | 61 listening | advmod |
| 60 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 61 listening | aux |
| 61 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 54 one | acl:relcl |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | finish | past · perfect | the first old man | man's story | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector story=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | lead | past · progressive | the two black dogs | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the genius | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to genius=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | go in a quote | present · progressive | I | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | I not said here | the genius = genius | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | happen in a quote | past | me | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | is in a quote | present | I | sure property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | find in a quote | future | the genius = genius | my story | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic | ||||
| 9 | astonish in a quote | gerund | the genius = genius not said here | than the one | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 10 | listen in a quote | present · perfect · progressive | the genius = genius | the one | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to which=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/2/139/