The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 2, sentence 15
"No," said the genius, "I shall kill you as you killed my son," and so saying, he seized the merchant by the arm, threw him on the ground, and lifted his sabre to cut off his head.
Who acts: genius, you · What happens: say, kill, seize, throw, lift, cut off · To what, where: you, son, merchant, genius, ground, sabre · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (genius, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 said | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 No | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 genius | det |
| 7 | genius | genius | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 kill | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 kill | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 kill | nsubj |
| 11 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 kill | aux |
| 12 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 said | ccomp |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 kill | obj |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 killed | mark |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 killed | nsubj |
| 16 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 kill | advcl |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 son | nmod:poss |
| 18 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 killed | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 killed | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 kill | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 saying | cc |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 saying | advmod |
| 23 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 said | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 seized | punct |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 seized | nsubj |
| 26 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | parataxis |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 merchant | det |
| 28 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 seized | obj |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 arm | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 arm | det |
| 31 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 seized | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 threw | punct |
| 33 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 seized | conj |
| 34 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 threw | obj |
| 35 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 ground | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 ground | det |
| 37 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 threw | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 lifted | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 lifted | cc |
| 40 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | conj |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 sabre | nmod:poss |
| 42 | sabre | sabre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 lifted | obj |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 cut | mark |
| 44 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 lifted | xcomp |
| 45 | off | off | ADP | _ | 44 cut | compound:prt |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 head | nmod:poss |
| 47 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 cut | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the genius | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | kill in a quote | shall | the genius = genius | you | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | ||||
| 3 | kill in a quote | past | you | my son | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Theme | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | the genius not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | seize | past | genius | the merchant | by the arm | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent merchant=Theme | |||
| 6 | throw | past | genius not said here | genius | the ground | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme on ground=Destination | |||
| 7 | lift | past | the genius not said here | genius's sabre | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | cut off | to-infinitive | the genius not said here | genius's head | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector head=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/2/15/