The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 2, sentence 48
He gave presents to his friends, and large alms to the poor.
Who acts: merchant · What happens: give · To what, where: presents, friends
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | presents | present | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 gave | obj |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 friends | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 friends | nmod:poss |
| 6 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 gave | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 alms | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 alms | cc |
| 9 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 alms | amod |
| 10 | alms | alm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 gave | obl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 poor | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 poor | det |
| 13 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 alms | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | merchant | presents | merchant's friends | large alms to the poor obl | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent present=Theme to friend=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/2/48/