The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 2, sentence 6
"But," said the merchant, "how can I have killed your son?
Who acts: merchant · What happens: say, kill · To what, where: merchant, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 said | cc |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 But | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 merchant | det |
| 7 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 killed | punct |
| 10 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 killed | advmod |
| 11 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 killed | aux |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 killed | aux |
| 14 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 said | ccomp |
| 15 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 son | nmod:poss |
| 16 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 killed | iobj |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | the merchant | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | kill in a quote | can · perfect · passive | the merchant = merchant | your son | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer son=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/2/6/