The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 2, sentence 70
This smoke came nearer and nearer, and then, all at once, it vanished, and they saw the genius, who, without speaking to them, approached the merchant, sword in hand, and, taking him by the arm, said, "Get up and let me kill you as you killed my son."
Who acts: smoke, others, genius, me, you · What happens: come, vanish, see, speak, approach, take · To what, where: genius, others, merchant, me, you, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke, others, genius, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 smoke | det |
| 2 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | nearer | near | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 nearer | cc |
| 6 | nearer | near | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 4 nearer | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 vanished | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 vanished | cc |
| 9 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 vanished | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 vanished | punct |
| 11 | all | all | ADV | _ | 16 vanished | advmod |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 once | case |
| 13 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 11 all | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 vanished | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 vanished | nsubj |
| 16 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 saw | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 saw | cc |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 genius | det |
| 22 | genius | genius | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 saw | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 speaking | punct |
| 24 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 speaking | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 speaking | punct |
| 26 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 27 speaking | mark |
| 27 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 genius | acl |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 them | case |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 speaking | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 approached | punct |
| 31 | approached | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 saw | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 merchant | det |
| 33 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 approached | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 sword | punct |
| 35 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 merchant | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 hand | case |
| 37 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 sword | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 said | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 said | cc |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 taking | punct |
| 41 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 47 said | ccomp |
| 42 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 taking | obj |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 45 arm | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 arm | det |
| 45 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 taking | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 taking | punct |
| 47 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | parataxis |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 Get | punct |
| 49 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 Get | punct |
| 50 | Get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 said | ccomp |
| 51 | up | up | ADP | _ | 50 Get | compound:prt |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 let | cc |
| 53 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 Get | conj |
| 54 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 53 let | obj |
| 55 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 let | xcomp |
| 56 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 55 kill | obj |
| 57 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 59 killed | mark |
| 58 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 59 killed | nsubj |
| 59 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 55 kill | ccomp |
| 60 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 61 son | nmod:poss |
| 61 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 killed | obj |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 50 Get | punct |
| 63 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 Get | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | this smoke | near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | vanish | past | smoke | then | all property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | see | past | others = other | the genius | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer genius=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | gerund | the genius | others = other | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to they=Co-Agent | ||||
| 5 | approach | past | others = other not said here | the merchant and sword in hand | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent merchant=Theme | ||||
| 6 | take | gerund | merchant | by the arm | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination | ||||
| 7 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 8 | get up in a quote | infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 9 | let in a quote | infinitive | me | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | kill in a quote | infinitive | me not said here | you | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | kill in a quote | past | you | my son | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/2/70/