The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 20, sentence 13
In descending the stairs the doctor accidentally knocked over the corpse, and finding him dead believed that he himself was the murderer.
Who acts: finding, man · What happens: descend, knock, find, believe, be · To what, where: stairs, corpse, man, murderer · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (finding, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | SCONJ | _ | 2 descending | mark |
| 2 | descending | descend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 knocked | advcl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 stairs | det |
| 4 | stairs | stair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 descending | obj |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 doctor | det |
| 6 | doctor | doctor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 descending | obj |
| 7 | accidentally | accidentally | ADV | _ | 8 knocked | advmod |
| 8 | knocked | knock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | over | over | ADP | _ | 11 corpse | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 corpse | det |
| 11 | corpse | corpse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 knocked | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 believed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 believed | cc |
| 14 | finding | find | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 believed | csubj |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 finding | obj |
| 16 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 finding | xcomp |
| 17 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 knocked | conj |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 murderer | mark |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 murderer | nsubj |
| 20 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 19 he | nmod:unmarked |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 murderer | cop |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 murderer | det |
| 23 | murderer | murderer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 believed | advcl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 knocked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | descend | gerund | the stairs | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | knock | past | the corpse | accidentally property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over corpse=Location | ||||
| 3 | find | gerund | man | dead property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | ||||
| 4 | believe | past | finding | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | is a | past | man | the murderer | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/20/13/