The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 25, sentence 102
"Because," said the gardener, "I see that you are a stranger and a Mussulman, and this town is almost entirely inhabited by idolaters, who hate and persecute all of our faith.
Who acts: gardener, you, idolaters · What happens: say, see, be, inhabit, hate, persecute · To what, where: stranger, town, all · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gardener, you, idolaters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | Because | because | SCONJ | _ | 5 said | mark |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Because | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gardener | det |
| 7 | gardener | gardener | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 see | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 see | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 see | nsubj |
| 11 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | parataxis |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 stranger | mark |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 stranger | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 stranger | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 stranger | det |
| 16 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 see | ccomp |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Mussulman | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 Mussulman | det |
| 19 | Mussulman | Mussulman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 stranger | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 inhabited | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 inhabited | cc |
| 22 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 23 town | det |
| 23 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 inhabited | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 inhabited | aux:pass |
| 25 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 26 entirely | advmod |
| 26 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 27 inhabited | advmod |
| 27 | inhabited | inhabit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 see | conj |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 idolaters | case |
| 29 | idolaters | idolater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 inhabited | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 hate | punct |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 hate | nsubj |
| 32 | hate | hate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 idolaters | acl:relcl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 persecute | cc |
| 34 | persecute | persecute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 hate | conj |
| 35 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 persecute | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 faith | case |
| 37 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 faith | nmod:poss |
| 38 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 all | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the gardener | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | see in a quote | present | the gardener = gardener | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | you | a stranger and a Mussulman | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | inhabit in a quote | present · passive | idolaters | this town | entirely property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | hate in a quote | present | idolaters | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | persecute in a quote | present | idolaters not said here | all | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/25/102/