The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 25, sentence 37
As he was at that time deprived of the happiness of conversing with you, he ventured to give you his ring as a token of his love, and to take yours in exchange, which he now encloses in this letter.
Who acts: happiness, Prince · What happens: deprive, converse, venture, give, take, enclose · To what, where: Prince, ring, you, yours, exchange, letter
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (happiness, Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Checked tree. This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (gutenberg:pg128:2066): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 deprived | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 deprived | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 deprived | aux:pass |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 time | case |
| 5 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 time | det |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 deprived | obl |
| 7 | deprived | deprive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 ventured | advcl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 happiness | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 happiness | det |
| 10 | happiness | happiness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 deprived | obl |
| 11 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 12 conversing | mark |
| 12 | conversing | converse | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 happiness | acl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 you | case |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 conversing | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 deprived | punct |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 ventured | nsubj |
| 17 | ventured | venture | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 give | mark |
| 19 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 ventured | xcomp |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 give | iobj |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 ring | nmod:poss |
| 22 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 give | obj |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 token | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 token | det |
| 25 | token | token | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 give | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 love | case |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 love | nmod:poss |
| 28 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 token | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 take | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 take | cc |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 take | mark |
| 32 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 give | conj |
| 33 | yours | your | PRON | Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 take | obj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 exchange | case |
| 35 | exchange | exchange | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 take | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 encloses | punct |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 encloses | obj |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 encloses | nsubj |
| 39 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 40 encloses | advmod |
| 40 | encloses | enclose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 yours | acl:relcl |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 letter | case |
| 42 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 43 letter | det |
| 43 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 encloses | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 ventured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deprive | past · passive | Prince | time | of the happiness | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source of happiness=Theme | |||
| 2 | converse speech: other | gerund | the happiness not said here | with you | vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with you=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | venture | past | Prince | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | give | to-infinitive | Prince not said here | Prince's ring | you | as a token of Prince's love | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient ring=Theme | ||
| 5 | take | to-infinitive | Prince not said here | yours | exchange | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent your=Value in exchange=Location | |||
| 6 | enclose | present | Prince | this letter | now | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme which=Co-Theme | |||
| 7 | love | Prince | nom love «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/25/37/