The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 28, sentence 101
The friend, who had been listening behind the curtain, immediately hastened to communicate the news to the rest of the company.
Who acts: friend · What happens: listen, hasten, communicate · To what, where: curtain, news, rest
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 friend | det |
| 2 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 listening | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 listening | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 listening | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 listening | aux |
| 7 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 friend | appos |
| 8 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 10 curtain | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 curtain | det |
| 10 | curtain | curtain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 listening | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hastened | punct |
| 12 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 13 hastened | advmod |
| 13 | hastened | hasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 curtain | acl:relcl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 communicate | mark |
| 15 | communicate | communicate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 hastened | xcomp |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 news | det |
| 17 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 communicate | obj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 rest | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rest | det |
| 20 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 communicate | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 company | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 company | det |
| 23 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 rest | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 friend | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | listen | past · perfect · progressive | the friend | behind the curtain | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind curtain=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hasten | participle | the curtain not said here | immediately property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | communicate | to-infinitive | the news | the rest of the company | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent news=Topic to rest=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/28/101/