The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 30, sentence 31
The Caliph then took a sheet of paper, and wrote the following letter, at the top of which he put in very small characters this formula to show that he must be implicitly obeyed:--"In the name of the Most Merciful God.
Who acts: Caliph, fisherman · What happens: take, write, follow, put, show, obey · To what, where: sheet, following letter, top, formula, small characters, fisherman · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Caliph, fisherman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Caliph | det |
| 2 | Caliph | Caliph | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 took | nsubj |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 took | advmod |
| 4 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 sheet | det |
| 6 | sheet | sheet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 took | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 paper | case |
| 8 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sheet | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 wrote | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 wrote | cc |
| 11 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 took | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 letter | det |
| 13 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 letter | amod |
| 14 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 wrote | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 top | punct |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 top | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 top | det |
| 18 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 wrote | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 which | case |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 put | obl |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 put | nsubj |
| 22 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 top | acl:relcl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 characters | case |
| 24 | very | very | ADV | _ | 25 small | advmod |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 characters | amod |
| 26 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 put | obl |
| 27 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 formula | det |
| 28 | formula | formula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 put | obj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 show | mark |
| 30 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 put | advcl |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 obeyed | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 obeyed | nsubj |
| 33 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 obeyed | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 obeyed | aux:pass |
| 35 | implicitly | implicitly | ADV | _ | 36 obeyed | advmod |
| 36 | obeyed | obey | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 show | ccomp |
| 37 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 took | punct |
| 38 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 42 name | punct |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 name | punct |
| 40 | In | in | ADP | _ | 42 name | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 name | det |
| 42 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 took | parataxis |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 God | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 God | det |
| 45 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 47 God | amod |
| 46 | Merciful | Merciful | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 God | compound |
| 47 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 name | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the Caliph | a sheet of paper | then | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent sheet=Theme clause=Attribute | |||
| 2 | write | past | the Caliph not said here | the following letter | the top | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme | |||
| 3 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | put | past | fisherman | this formula | small characters | of the top | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent formula=Theme in character=Destination | ||
| 5 | show | to-infinitive | fisherman not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | obey | must · passive | fisherman | implicitly property | vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 7 | name in a quote | the Most Merciful God | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/30/31/