The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 34, sentence 45
"Sidi-Nouman," observed the Caliph, "I have seen horses broken all my life long, and have even broken them myself, but I have never seen any horse broken in such a barbarous manner as by you yesterday.
Who acts: Sidi, young man, horses · What happens: observe, see, break, not see · To what, where: Caliph, horses, life, camels, horse, barbarous manner
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sidi, young man, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sidi | punct |
| 2 | Sidi | Sidi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 observed | nsubj |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 Nouman | punct |
| 4 | Nouman | Nouman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Sidi | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sidi | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 observed | punct |
| 7 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Caliph | det |
| 9 | Caliph | Caliph | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 observed | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 seen | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 seen | punct |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 seen | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 seen | aux |
| 14 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 observed | conj |
| 15 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 seen | obj |
| 16 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 horses | acl |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 life | det:predet |
| 18 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 life | nmod:poss |
| 19 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 broken | obj |
| 20 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 broken | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 broken | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 broken | cc |
| 23 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 broken | aux |
| 24 | even | even | ADV | _ | 25 broken | advmod |
| 25 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 seen | conj |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 broken | obj |
| 27 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 25 broken | obl:unmarked |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 seen | punct |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 seen | cc |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 seen | nsubj |
| 31 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 seen | aux |
| 32 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 33 seen | advmod |
| 33 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 observed | advcl |
| 34 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 35 horse | det |
| 35 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 seen | obj |
| 36 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 horse | acl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 manner | case |
| 38 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 manner | det:predet |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 manner | det |
| 40 | barbarous | barbarous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 manner | amod |
| 41 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 broken | obl |
| 42 | as | as | ADP | _ | 44 you | case |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 you | case |
| 44 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 33 seen | obl |
| 45 | yesterday | yesterday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 seen | obl:unmarked |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 observed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | observe | past | Sidi and Nouman | the Caliph | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent caliph=Topic | ||||
| 2 | see in a quote | present · perfect | the young man = man | horses | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | break in a quote | participle | horses not said here | my life | long property | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer life=Patient | |||
| 4 | break in a quote | present · perfect | the young man = man not said here | camels = camel | myself obl:unmarked | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient | |||
| 5 | not see in a quote | present · perfect | the young man = man | any horse | yesterday | as you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus as you=Attribute | ||
| 6 | break in a quote | participle | any horse not said here | such barbarous manner | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in manner=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/34/45/