The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 34, sentence 91
There I hid myself under the shadow of the wall, and crouched down cautiously; and hardly was I concealed, when I saw my wife approaching in company with a ghoul--one of those demons which, as your Highness is aware, wander about the country making their lairs in deserted buildings and springing out upon unwary travellers whose flesh they eat.
Who acts: I, wife, Highness, lairs · What happens: hide, crouch down, conceal, see, approach, be · To what, where: myself, shadow, I, wife, company, lairs
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, wife, Highness, lairs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 hid | expl |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 hid | nsubj |
| 3 | hid | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 hid | obj |
| 5 | under | under | ADP | _ | 7 shadow | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 shadow | det |
| 7 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hid | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 wall | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 wall | det |
| 10 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 shadow | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 crouched | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 crouched | cc |
| 13 | crouched | crouch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 hid | conj |
| 14 | down | down | ADP | _ | 13 crouched | compound:prt |
| 15 | cautiously | cautiously | ADV | _ | 13 crouched | advmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 concealed | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 concealed | cc |
| 18 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 21 concealed | advmod |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 concealed | aux:pass |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 concealed | nsubj |
| 21 | concealed | conceal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 hid | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 saw | punct |
| 23 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 saw | advmod |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 saw | nsubj |
| 25 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 hid | conj |
| 26 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 wife | nmod:poss |
| 27 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 saw | obj |
| 28 | approaching | approach | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 wife | acl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 company | case |
| 30 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 approaching | obl |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 ghoul | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 ghoul | det |
| 33 | ghoul | ghoul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 approaching | obl |
| 34 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 35 one | punct |
| 35 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 ghoul | appos |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 demons | case |
| 37 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 38 demons | det |
| 38 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 one | nmod |
| 39 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 aware | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 which | punct |
| 41 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 45 aware | mark |
| 42 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 Highness | nmod:poss |
| 43 | Highness | highness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 aware | nsubj |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 aware | cop |
| 45 | aware | aware | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 demons | acl:relcl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 wander | punct |
| 47 | wander | wander | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 aware | conj |
| 48 | about | about | ADP | _ | 50 country | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 country | det |
| 50 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 wander | obl |
| 51 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 47 wander | advcl |
| 52 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 53 lairs | nmod:poss |
| 53 | lairs | lair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 making | obj |
| 54 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 buildings | case |
| 55 | deserted | desert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 56 buildings | amod |
| 56 | buildings | building | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 making | obl |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 springing | cc |
| 58 | springing | spring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 51 making | conj |
| 59 | out | out | ADP | _ | 58 springing | compound:prt |
| 60 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 62 travellers | case |
| 61 | unwary | unwary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 travellers | amod |
| 62 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 springing | obl |
| 63 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 64 flesh | nmod:poss |
| 64 | flesh | flesh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 travellers | conj |
| 65 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 eat | nsubj |
| 66 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 64 flesh | acl:relcl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | past | I | myself | the shadow of the wall; there | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent myself=Patient under shadow=Location | |||
| 2 | crouch down | participle | I not said here | cautiously property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | conceal | past · passive | I | hardly property | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | see | past | I | my wife | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wife=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | approach | gerund | my wife not said here | company | with a ghoul | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with ghoul=Instrument | |||
| 6 | is | present | your Highness | that demons obl; aware property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | wander | present | your Highness not said here | about the country | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about country=Trajectory | ||||
| 8 | make | gerund | your Highness not said here | demons's lairs | deserted buildings | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lair=Product | |||
| 9 | desert | participle | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 10 | spring out | gerund | your Highness not said here | unwary travellers and unwary travellers and unwary travellers's flesh's flesh | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon traveller=Trajectory | ||||
| 11 | eat | present | lairs = lair | unwary travellers and unwary travellers and flesh's flesh's flesh not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient | ||||
| 12 | shadow | the wall | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/34/91/