The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 37, sentence 94
I am doing no harm," he said, "and whoever the owner may be, he will not touch me when he sees I am unarmed," and in dread of making a false step, he went cautiously down the staircase.
Who acts: I, Prince, dread · What happens: do, say, be, not touch, see, make · To what, where: harm, whoever, me, false step, staircase · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 37. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Prince, dread), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 doing | nsubj |
| 2 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 doing | aux |
| 3 | doing | do | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 said | ccomp |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 harm | det |
| 5 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 doing | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 doing | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 doing | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 whoever | cc |
| 13 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 said | ccomp |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 owner | det |
| 15 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 be | nsubj |
| 16 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 be | aux |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 whoever | cop |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 touch | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 touch | nsubj |
| 20 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 touch | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 touch | advmod |
| 22 | touch | touch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | conj |
| 23 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 touch | obj |
| 24 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 26 sees | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 sees | nsubj |
| 26 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 touch | advcl |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 unarmed | nsubj |
| 28 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 unarmed | cop |
| 29 | unarmed | unarmed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 sees | ccomp |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 unarmed | punct |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 unarmed | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 dread | cc |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 dread | case |
| 34 | dread | dread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 unarmed | conj |
| 35 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 36 making | mark |
| 36 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 dread | acl |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 step | det |
| 38 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 step | amod |
| 39 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 making | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 went | punct |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 went | nsubj |
| 42 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | conj |
| 43 | cautiously | cautiously | ADV | _ | 42 went | advmod |
| 44 | down | down | ADP | _ | 46 staircase | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 staircase | det |
| 46 | staircase | staircase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 went | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present · progressive | I | no harm | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Prince | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is a | infinitive | whoever | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | not touch | future | Prince | me | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme i=Co-Theme | ||||
| 5 | see | present | Prince | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is | present | I | unarmed property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | make in a quote | gerund | dread not said here | a false step | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset step=Product | ||||
| 8 | go in a quote | past | Prince | the staircase | cautiously property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme down staircase=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/37/94/