The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 40, sentence 3
He then led the prince up to a room under the roof, which had an opening through which he might observe the princess, without himself being seen.
Who acts: Sultan, roof · What happens: lead up, have, observe, see · To what, where: prince, opening, princess, Sultan
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sultan, roof), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 led | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 led | advmod |
| 3 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 prince | det |
| 5 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obj |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 led | compound:prt |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 room | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 room | det |
| 9 | room | room | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obl |
| 10 | under | under | ADP | _ | 12 roof | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 roof | det |
| 12 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 room | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 had | punct |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 had | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 roof | acl:relcl |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 opening | det |
| 17 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 had | obj |
| 18 | through | through | ADP | _ | 19 which | case |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 observe | obl |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 observe | nsubj |
| 21 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 observe | aux |
| 22 | observe | observe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 opening | acl:relcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 princess | det |
| 24 | princess | princess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 observe | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 seen | punct |
| 26 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 29 seen | mark |
| 27 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 29 seen | nsubj |
| 28 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 seen | aux:pass |
| 29 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 observe | conj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead up | past | Sultan | the prince | then | to a room under the roof | tree rules | ||
| 2 | have | past | the roof | a opening | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opening=Patient | ||||
| 3 | observe | might | Sultan | the princess | a opening | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent princess=Topic | |||
| 4 | see | gerund · passive | Sultan | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/40/3/