The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 42, sentence 31
He had hardly gone four steps when he heard the sound of voices around him, although not another creature was in sight.
Who acts: Prince, creature · What happens: go, hear, be · To what, where: four steps, sound, sight
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, creature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gone | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 gone | aux |
| 3 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 4 gone | advmod |
| 4 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 steps | nummod |
| 6 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 gone | obj |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 heard | advmod |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 heard | nsubj |
| 9 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 gone | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sound | det |
| 11 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heard | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 voices | case |
| 13 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 sound | nmod |
| 14 | around | around | ADP | _ | 15 him | case |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 voices | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 sight | punct |
| 17 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 23 sight | mark |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 creature | advmod |
| 19 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 creature | det |
| 20 | creature | creature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sight | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 sight | cop |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 sight | case |
| 23 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heard | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gone | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past · perfect | Prince | four steps | hardly property | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location step=Theme | |||
| 2 | hear | past | Prince | the sound of voices around side | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | past | another creature | sight | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/42/31/