The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 42, sentence 57
Then he strode boldly on, but had scarcely gone five or six paces when he was startled by a man's voice that seemed close to his ear, exclaiming: "Stop, rash fellow, and let me punish your audacity."
Who acts: dervish, voice · What happens: stride, go, startle, seem, exclaim, stop · To what, where: five paces, dervish, rash fellow, audacity · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dervish, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 strode | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 strode | nsubj |
| 3 | strode | stride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | boldly | boldly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 on | advmod |
| 5 | on | on | ADV | _ | 3 strode | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 gone | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 gone | cc |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 gone | aux |
| 9 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 10 gone | advmod |
| 10 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 strode | parataxis |
| 11 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 paces | nummod |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 six | cc |
| 13 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 five | conj |
| 14 | paces | pace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 gone | obj |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 startled | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 startled | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 startled | aux:pass |
| 18 | startled | startle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 gone | conj |
| 19 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 voice | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 man | det |
| 21 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 voice | nmod:poss |
| 22 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 21 man | case |
| 23 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 startled | obl |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 seemed | nsubj |
| 25 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 voice | acl:relcl |
| 26 | close | close | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 seemed | advmod |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 ear | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 ear | nmod:poss |
| 29 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 close | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 exclaiming | punct |
| 31 | exclaiming | exclaim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 startled | advcl |
| 32 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 34 Stop | punct |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 Stop | punct |
| 34 | Stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 strode | parataxis |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 fellow | punct |
| 36 | rash | rash | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 fellow | amod |
| 37 | fellow | fellow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 Stop | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 let | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 let | cc |
| 40 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 Stop | conj |
| 41 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 40 let | obj |
| 42 | punish | punish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 let | xcomp |
| 43 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 audacity | nmod:poss |
| 44 | audacity | audacity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 punish | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 Stop | punct |
| 46 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 Stop | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stride | past | dervish | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | past · perfect | five paces | scarcely property | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pace=Theme | ||||
| 3 | startle | past · passive | a man's voice | dervish | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | seem | past | a man's voice | close property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | exclaim speech: express | gerund | a man's voice not said here | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | stop in a quote | infinitive | rash fellow | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality fellow=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | let in a quote | infinitive | the dervish = dervish | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | punish in a quote | infinitive | the dervish = dervish not said here | your audacity | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent audacity=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/42/57/