The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 8, sentence 9
At the same time a thick cloud of dust on the horizon told of the approach of a great army.
Who acts: thick cloud, great army · What happens: tell, cloud, approach · To what, where: dust, horizon · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thick cloud, great army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 3 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 time | amod |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 told | obl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cloud | det |
| 6 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 cloud | amod |
| 7 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 told | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 dust | case |
| 9 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cloud | nmod |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 horizon | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 horizon | det |
| 12 | horizon | horizon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cloud | nmod |
| 13 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 approach | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 approach | det |
| 16 | approach | approach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 told | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 army | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 army | det |
| 19 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 army | amod |
| 20 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 approach | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | a thick cloud of dust on the horizon | time | of the approach of a great army | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | cloud | dust | the horizon | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient on=place | |||||
| 3 | approach | a great army | nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/8/9/