The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 9, sentence 13
Without waiting for an answer--which, indeed, I could hardly have given him, so great was my fright--he seized hold of me, and darted up into the air with the quickness of lightning, and then, with equal swiftness, dropped down towards the earth.
Who acts: I, hatchet · What happens: wait, give, be, seize, dart up, drop down · To what, where: hatchet, hold, air, earth, me
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, hatchet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Without | without | SCONJ | _ | 2 waiting | mark |
| 2 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 given | advcl |
| 3 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 answer | case |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 answer | det |
| 5 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 waiting | obl |
| 6 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 9 indeed | punct |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 indeed | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 which | punct |
| 9 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 5 answer | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 waiting | punct |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 given | nsubj |
| 12 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 given | aux |
| 13 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 15 given | advmod |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 given | aux |
| 15 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 fright | case |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 given | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 great | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 great | advmod |
| 19 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 given | conj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 fright | cop |
| 21 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 fright | nmod:poss |
| 22 | fright | fright | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seized | obl |
| 23 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 22 fright | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 seized | nsubj |
| 25 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 26 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seized | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 me | case |
| 28 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 hold | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 darted | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 darted | cc |
| 31 | darted | dart | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 seized | conj |
| 32 | up | up | ADP | _ | 31 darted | compound:prt |
| 33 | into | into | ADP | _ | 35 air | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 air | det |
| 35 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 darted | obl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 quickness | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 quickness | det |
| 38 | quickness | quickness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 darted | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 lightning | case |
| 40 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 quickness | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 swiftness | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 swiftness | cc |
| 43 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 47 swiftness | advmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 swiftness | punct |
| 45 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 swiftness | case |
| 46 | equal | equal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 swiftness | amod |
| 47 | swiftness | swiftness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seized | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 dropped | punct |
| 49 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 seized | conj |
| 50 | down | down | ADP | _ | 49 dropped | compound:prt |
| 51 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 53 earth | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 earth | det |
| 53 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 dropped | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 seized | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wait | gerund | I not said here | for a answer | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | give | could · perfect | I | hatchet | hardly property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | past | give my fright | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | seize | past | hatchet | hold of me | with equal swiftness | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme | |||
| 5 | dart up | past | hatchet not said here | the air | with the quickness of lightning | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into air=Destination | |||
| 6 | drop down | past | hatchet not said here | the earth | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme towards earth=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | hold | me | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/9/13/