More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 4, sentence 75
Last Sunday morning at six o'clock in the evening as I was sailing over the tops of the mountains in my little boat, I met two men on horseback riding on one mare: So I asked them, "Could they tell me whether the little old woman was dead yet who was hanged last Saturday week for drowning herself in a shower of feathers?"
Who acts: I, mountains, little old woman · What happens: sail, meet, ask, tell, be, hange · To what, where: six o'clock, tops, two men, horseback riding, mountains, me · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, mountains, little old woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 morning | amod |
| 2 | Sunday | Sunday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 morning | compound |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 met | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 o'clock | case |
| 5 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 o'clock | nummod |
| 6 | o'clock | o'clock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 morning | nmod |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 evening | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 evening | det |
| 9 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 o'clock | nmod |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 sailing | mark |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 sailing | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 sailing | aux |
| 13 | sailing | sail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 o'clock | acl |
| 14 | over | over | ADP | _ | 16 tops | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 tops | det |
| 16 | tops | top | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 sailing | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 mountains | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 mountains | det |
| 19 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tops | nmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 boat | case |
| 21 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 boat | nmod:poss |
| 22 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 boat | amod |
| 23 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sailing | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 morning | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 met | nsubj |
| 26 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 men | nummod |
| 28 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 met | obj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 riding | case |
| 30 | horseback | horseback | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 riding | compound |
| 31 | riding | riding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 met | obl |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 mare | case |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 mare | nummod |
| 34 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 riding | nmod |
| 35 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 38 asked | punct |
| 36 | So | so | ADV | _ | 38 asked | advmod |
| 37 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 asked | nsubj |
| 38 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 met | conj |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 asked | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 tell | punct |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 tell | punct |
| 42 | Could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 tell | aux |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 tell | nsubj |
| 44 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 asked | ccomp |
| 45 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 44 tell | iobj |
| 46 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 52 dead | mark |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 woman | det |
| 48 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 woman | amod |
| 49 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 woman | amod |
| 50 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 dead | nsubj |
| 51 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 dead | cop |
| 52 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 hanged | nsubj:pass |
| 53 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 52 dead | advmod |
| 54 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 hanged | nsubj:pass |
| 55 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 hanged | aux:pass |
| 56 | hanged | hange | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 tell | ccomp |
| 57 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 week | amod |
| 58 | Saturday | Saturday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 59 week | compound |
| 59 | week | week | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 hanged | obl:unmarked |
| 60 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 61 drowning | mark |
| 61 | drowning | drown | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 56 hanged | advcl |
| 62 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 61 drowning | obj |
| 63 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 shower | case |
| 64 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 65 shower | det |
| 65 | shower | shower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 drowning | obl |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 feathers | case |
| 67 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 shower | nmod |
| 68 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 44 tell | punct |
| 69 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sail | past · progressive | I | six o'clock in the evening not said here | the tops of the mountains | in my little boat | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent o'clock=Theme over top=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | meet | past | I | two men | horseback riding on one mare | morning | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Co-Agent | ||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | I | mountains = mountain | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert in a quote | could | mountains = mountain | me | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | past | the little old woman | yet | dead property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | hange in a quote | past · passive | dead | week | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | drown in a quote | gerund | mare | a shower of feathers | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herself=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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