More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 11, sentence 5
Then they went nigher, and took hold of the big stone, and shoved it up, and afterwards they said that for one tiddy minute they saw a strange and beautiful face looking up at them glad-like out of the black water; but the Light came so quick and so white and shining, that they stept back mazed with it, and the very next minute, when they could see again, there was the full Moon in the sky, bright and beautiful and kind as ever, shining and smiling down at them, and making the bogs and the paths as clear as day, and stealing into the very corners, as though she'd have driven the darkness and the Bogles clean away if she could.
Who acts: darklings, strange face, Light, Moon, Bogles · What happens: go, take, shove up, say, see, look up · To what, where: hold, strange face, sky, bogs, corners, darkness · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (darklings, strange face, Light, Moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 went | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | nigher | nigh | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 went | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 took | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 took | cc |
| 7 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 8 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 took | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 stone | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 stone | det |
| 11 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 stone | amod |
| 12 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hold | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 shoved | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 shoved | cc |
| 15 | shoved | shove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 shoved | obj |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 shoved | compound:prt |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 said | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 20 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 22 said | advmod |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 saw | mark |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 minute | case |
| 25 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 27 minute | nummod |
| 26 | tiddy | tiddy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 minute | compound |
| 27 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 saw | obl |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 saw | nsubj |
| 29 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 said | ccomp |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 face | det |
| 31 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 face | amod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 beautiful | cc |
| 33 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 strange | conj |
| 34 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 saw | obj |
| 35 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 face | acl |
| 36 | up | up | ADP | _ | 35 looking | compound:prt |
| 37 | at | at | ADP | _ | 38 them | case |
| 38 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 looking | obl |
| 39 | glad | glad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 looking | xcomp |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 like | punct |
| 41 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 glad | conj |
| 42 | out | out | ADP | _ | 46 water | case |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 water | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 water | det |
| 45 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 water | amod |
| 46 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 like | obl |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 51 came | punct |
| 48 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 51 came | cc |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 Light | det |
| 50 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 came | nsubj |
| 51 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 52 | so | so | ADV | _ | 53 quick | advmod |
| 53 | quick | quick | ADV | _ | 51 came | advmod |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 white | cc |
| 55 | so | so | ADV | _ | 56 white | advmod |
| 56 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 came | conj |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 shining | cc |
| 58 | shining | shine | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 56 white | conj |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 stept | punct |
| 60 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 62 stept | mark |
| 61 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 stept | nsubj |
| 62 | stept | stept | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 came | conj |
| 63 | back | back | ADV | _ | 62 stept | advmod |
| 64 | mazed | maze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 stept | xcomp |
| 65 | with | with | ADP | _ | 66 it | case |
| 66 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 mazed | obl |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 minute | punct |
| 68 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 72 minute | cc |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 minute | det |
| 70 | very | very | ADV | _ | 71 next | advmod |
| 71 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 minute | amod |
| 72 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 came | obl |
| 73 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 see | punct |
| 74 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 77 see | advmod |
| 75 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 77 see | nsubj |
| 76 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 77 see | aux |
| 77 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 87 sky | nsubj |
| 78 | again | again | ADV | _ | 77 see | advmod |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 was | punct |
| 80 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 81 was | expl |
| 81 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 87 sky | cop |
| 82 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 Moon | det |
| 83 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 Moon | amod |
| 84 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 81 was | nsubj |
| 85 | in | in | ADP | _ | 87 sky | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 87 sky | det |
| 87 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 minute | nmod |
| 88 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 89 bright | punct |
| 89 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 87 sky | amod |
| 90 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 91 beautiful | cc |
| 91 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 89 bright | conj |
| 92 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 93 kind | cc |
| 93 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 89 bright | conj |
| 94 | as | as | ADP | _ | 95 ever | case |
| 95 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 93 kind | obl |
| 96 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 97 shining | punct |
| 97 | shining | shine | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 89 bright | conj |
| 98 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 99 smiling | cc |
| 99 | smiling | smile | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 97 shining | conj |
| 100 | down | down | ADV | _ | 99 smiling | advmod |
| 101 | at | at | ADP | _ | 102 them | case |
| 102 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 99 smiling | obl |
| 103 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 105 making | punct |
| 104 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 105 making | cc |
| 105 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 97 shining | conj |
| 106 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 107 bogs | det |
| 107 | bogs | bog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 105 making | obj |
| 108 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 110 paths | cc |
| 109 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 110 paths | det |
| 110 | paths | path | NOUN | Number=Plur | 107 bogs | conj |
| 111 | as | as | ADV | _ | 112 clear | advmod |
| 112 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 105 making | xcomp |
| 113 | as | as | ADP | _ | 114 day | case |
| 114 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 112 clear | obl |
| 115 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 117 stealing | punct |
| 116 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 117 stealing | cc |
| 117 | stealing | steal | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 97 shining | conj |
| 118 | into | into | ADP | _ | 121 corners | case |
| 119 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 121 corners | det |
| 120 | very | very | ADV | _ | 121 corners | advmod |
| 121 | corners | corner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 117 stealing | obl |
| 122 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 128 driven | punct |
| 123 | as | as | ADV | _ | 128 driven | advmod |
| 124 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 128 driven | mark |
| 125 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 128 driven | nsubj |
| 126 | 'd | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 128 driven | aux |
| 127 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 128 driven | aux |
| 128 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 117 stealing | parataxis |
| 129 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 130 darkness | det |
| 130 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 128 driven | obj |
| 131 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 134 clean | cc |
| 132 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 133 Bogles | det |
| 133 | Bogles | Bogle | PROPN | Number=Plur | 134 clean | nsubj |
| 134 | clean | clean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 128 driven | conj |
| 135 | away | away | ADV | _ | 134 clean | advmod |
| 136 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 138 could | mark |
| 137 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 138 could | nsubj |
| 138 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 134 clean | advcl |
| 139 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | darklings = darkling | then | nigh property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | take | past | darklings = darkling not said here | hold of the big stone | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme | ||||
| 3 | shove up | past | darklings = darkling not said here | hold | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | darklings = darkling | afterwards property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | see | past | darklings = darkling | a strange face | minute | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | look up | gerund | a strange face not said here | at darklings = darkling; glad property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme | ||||
| 7 | come | past | the Light | minute | quick property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 8 | shine | gerund | the Light not said here | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | stept back | past | darklings = darkling | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | maze | participle | darklings = darkling not said here | with light | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | see | could | darklings = darkling | again | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 12 | is | past | the sky | tree rules | |||||
| 13 | shine | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 14 | smile down | gerund | at darklings = darkling; down property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 15 | make | gerund | the bogs and the paths | clear property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bog=Product | ||||
| 16 | steal | gerund | the corners | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 17 | drive | would · perfect | Moon | the darkness | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent darkness=Theme | ||||
| 18 | clean away | present | the Bogles | away property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 19 | hold | the big stone | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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